Article Written: 22 December 1450
The evolution of Remikran society from the old landscape of tales and adventures to the modern landscape that exists today occurred between 900 and 1400 CE, and is divided by scholars into five Industrial Revolutions: the Practical Industrial Revolution, the Steam Industrial Revolution, the Hubstone (or Modern) Revolution, the Gridstructure Revolution, and the Gyrostructure Revolution.
The Practical Industrial Revolution: 900-1000
The first Industrial Revolution, known as the Practical Industrial Revolution, began around the 900s in the Edoran Kingdom, and is characterized by the rise of hot-air balloons and the first airships. This period also saw the making of sail ships better-capable of navigating trade wind patterns, as well as the making of many types of firearms.
The Steam Industrial Revolution: 1000-1100
Starting roughly around the formation of the Kingdom of the Great North in the year 998 was the Steam Industrial Revolution, which saw the advent of the first industrial machines, then steam-powered. These machines replaced the old mills, shops, and laborers, and lay the groundwork for manufacturing and mass-production. This era saw the establishment of steam engines, trains, and rail lines, which began transporting passengers and cargo. This period also saw the beginning of metal-hull ships powered by spellfire-bound twang propulsion, which replaced wooden sail ships. During this time, the Great North began to expand on its influence abroad and establish industrial landscapes in Canticula, Tandeiyah, Hobland, and the Meredythian Islands.
The Hubstone Revolution: 1100-1200
In 1086, the Great North handed its Southerly territory of Combria to William Jeson, who established the territory as its own nation and became its President. Jeson's tenure oversaw the development of the hubstone industry, which established the world's first electrical grid as well as battery-powered machines and vehicles. It was during this time that cars and airplanes came into existence, and that people began communicating by telephone and paper teletext messages. As the 1100s progressed, airships became more modernized, and, by 1192, were able to fly at high altitudes with pressurized cabins. Also during this time came into existence the use of color photography and film.
The Gridstructure Revolution: 1200-1300
In the early 1200s, engineers developed the cable train, which made travel from place to place quicker than what was possible with traditional rail passenger trains and even aircraft. Cable train networks sprung up throughout the late years of the nation of Combria and the beginning of the Early Republic of Retun. And by the 1270s, cable train networks spanned the entire Remikran Union, connecting the Republic with the Great North and Locin. Also standardized across borders was a robust system of airships, flight schedules, and landing docks. This system not only spanned the entirety of Remika, but also into other regions of Circlaria, especially Canticula.
Along with transit networks sprung standardized communication networks, all of which transformed Circlarian society as a whole and made it into a modern global society, which began expanding into the newly-discovered continent of Ancondria.
The Gyrostructure Revolution: 1300-Present
As they were rebuilding infrastructure following the Second Continental War, Southern Canticulan nations embraced and constructed a system for gyroplane transit, which had been in existence since its experimental inception in the 1260s. Although rare in such implementation initially, gyroplanes became widely used beginning in the 1290s, proving excellent in speed and efficiency. By 1310, nearly every Canticulan nation had invested into gyroplanes, rendering traditional airships obsolete. And gyroplane technology, over the course of the 1300s, would take hold all throughout Circlaria. By the 1317, both the Great North and Locin had fully transitioned to gyroplane systems; and the Commonwealth would begin adapting to them in the 1320s.
Gyrotechnology, which harnesses planetary gravity as its main source for energy, also enabled the establishment of aerospace programs, which began to emerge in the 1340s and 1350s. Initially, the Independent Commonwealth State of Retun led such developments, but would later yield further progress to the Kingdom of Gyrosak and other Circlarian nations. Gyrotechnology has also been responsible for the advent of modern mobile communication systems and transmissions of energy. And it is currently the backbone of most basic and commercial infrastructures as well as some emerging dymensional plane systems.